Pemetaan Komunikasi Risiko Kesehatan Berbasis Model CERC pada Satgas Covid-19 di Malang Raya
Abstract
In a crisis, the public expects responsive, appropriate, and transparent governance and public communication practices from the government before the crisis, during the crisis, and after the crisis, as a form of government response and responsibility in controlling the Covid-19 pandemic, namely by forming a Covid-19 Task Force at the center and the regional level. This study focuses on mapping health risk communications carried out by the Covid-19 Task Force in Malang City and Regency based on the CERC model. The CERC model, known as Crisis and Emergency-Risk Communication, has five stages that can assist actors in mapping conditions from pre-crisis to crisis over, especially in public communication. This study aimed to determine the practice of crisis communication carried out by the Malang City and Regency Covid-19 Task Force during the pandemic. This research was conducted from August-October 2021. The data collection techniques were non-participant observation, intermittent interviews, and a literature study. Research findings show that the Malang City Covid-19 Task Force is more responsive in responding to information related to the Covid-19 pandemic through the internet and social media. The Malang Regency Covid-19 Task Force carried out a different strategy by prioritizing cross-sectoral coordination considering that geographically, the Malang Regency area is more comprehensive than Malang City. Another interesting strategy from the Malang City Covid-19 Task Force is the intensity of communication carried out by the Mayor of Malang through his personal social media account when conveying government appeals such as PSBB, PPKM, implementation of 3T (testing-tracing-treatment), and strict application of health protocols in society. The final result of this research is an integrated Covid-19 pandemic risk communication model between the government - experts - the general public according to the cultural context of the affected community.
Keywords: risk communication; health communication; CERC model; pandemic; Covid-19 task force
Abstraksi-
Dalam situasi krisis, masyarakat mengharapkan adanya tata kelola dan praktik komunikasi publik pemerintah yang responsif, tepat, dan transparan saat sebelum krisis, ketika krisis berlangsung dan setelah krisis. Sebagai bentuk respons dan tanggung jawab pemerintah dalam mengendalikan pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan membentuk Satgas Covid-19 di pusat dan di tingkat daerah. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada pemetaan komunikasi risiko kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh Satgas Covid-19 di Kota dan Kabupaten Malang berbasis model CERC. Model CERC, atau yang dikenal dengan Crisis and Emergency-Risk Communication memiliki lima tahapan yang mampu membantu aktor dalam melakukan pemetaan kondisi sejak pra-krisis hingga krisis usai, terutama dalam aspek komunikasi publik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui praktik komunikasi krisis yang dilakukan oleh Satgas Covid-19 Kota dan Kabupaten Malang selama masa pandemi. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan Agustus-Oktober 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi non-partisipan, wawancara intermiten, dan studi kepustakaan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Satgas Covid-19 Kota Malang lebih responsif dalam menanggapi informasi terkait pandemi Covid-19 melalui pemanfaatan internet dan media sosial. Strategi yang berbeda dilakukan oleh Satgas Covid-19 Kabupaten Malang dengan lebih mengedepankan koordinasi lintas sektor mengingat secara geografis, wilayah Kabupaten Malang lebih luas dibanding Kota Malang. Strategi lain yang menarik dari Satgas Covid-19 Kota Malang yaitu intensitas komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh Walikota Malang melalui akun media sosial pribadi miliknya ketika menyampaikan himbauan pemerintah seperti PSBB, PPKM, pelaksanaan 3T (testing-tracing-treatment), dan penerapan protokol kesehatan secara ketat di masyarakat. Terakhir, hasil akhir penelitian ini yaitu model komunikasi risiko pandemi Covid-19 yang terintegrasi antara pemerintah – ahli (expert) – masyarakat umum menyesuaikaan dengan konteks kultural masyarakat terdampak.
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