2654-5292
Patulin : Keberadaan pada Pangan, Mekanisme Toksisitas, dan Metode Deteksi
Abstract
Patulin merupakan salah satu jenis mikotoksin atau toksin produksi kapang yang mayoritas diproduksi oleh kapang bergenus Aspergillus dan Penicillium. Patulin mampu menyebabkan beragam efek buruk bagi kesehatan manusia karena menyebabkan gangguan imun, saraf, hingga gangguan akut pada saluran pencernaan, termasuk pendarahan, hiperemia, dan ulserasi. Berbagai efek tersebut disebabkan karena reaksi patulin dengan gugus tiol dari sistem seluler sehingga memicu beragam efek toksik. Oleh karena itu, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) melaporkan bahwa patulin dikategorikan sebagai Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans (Class 3). Karena patulin bersifat sebagai genotoksik, teratogenik, embriotoksik, imunotoksik, hingga karsinogenik maka keberadaan patulin, baik pada pangan segar dan produk olahannya harus dianalisis dan dideteksi. Metode analisis untuk mendeteksi keberadaan patulin dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan HPLC maupun LC. Mekanisme toksisitas patulin pada organ manusia melibatkan pembentukan ROS (reactive oxygen species), interaksi patulin dengan DNA, dan penghambatan kerja berbagai enzim. Ulasan artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas keberadaan patulin pada pangan (segar dan produk olahannya), mekanisme pembentukan patulin (biosintesis dan gen yang terlibat), mekanisme dan toksisitas patulin pada organ manusia, dan metode deteksi patulin. Ulasan naskah ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode "narrative review".
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