PENURUNAN KANDUNGAN GLUTEN PADA ROTI MANIS DENGAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TAPIOKA ASAM (Decreasing Gluten Content in Sweet Bread Used Acid Tapioca Flour)
Abstract
Abstract
Sweet bread is one kind of bread made of sweet dough that is fermented and contains 10% sugar or more. The raw material that is a sweet bread flour, milk, white butter, sugar, eggs, yeast, and salt. Acid tapioca flour is made from cassava tuber extracts naturally fermented at a temperature of 20 oC for 20-30 days. The addition of acid tapioca flour in bread sweet can caused the protein content of the gluten in the dough decreased notably. The decrease in the development of improved bread volume with the addition of the developer. The addition of blowing agents were used Na-Bicarbonate. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution of acid tapioca flour and concentrations of Na-bicarbonate against physical and chemical properties of sweet bread. The experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with two factors and three replications. The first factor is the substitution of sour starch is 10%, 20% and 30% w / w. Factor II is Na-bicarbonate concentration is 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w / w. The results showed that the best treatment based on test sensory substitution sweet bread is acid tapioca flour concentration of 30% with 0.5% Na-bicarbonate. The sweet bread has a water content of 25.47%, 41.01% starch content, protein content 8.41%, 0.27% total acid, texture 0.1053 mm / sec g, pore size of 0.24 cm2, the volume of development 253.7%, the texture score = 4.10 (like), aroma scores = 4.05 (like), balanced flavor = 4,05 (like).
Keywords: sweet bread, acid tapioca flour, sodium carbonate, gluten
Abstrak
Roti manis merupakan salah satu jenis roti yang dibuat dari adonan manis yang diragikan serta mengandung 10% gula atau lebih. Bahan baku roti manis yaitu tepung terigu, susu, mentega putih, gula, telur, ragi, dan garam. Tepung tapioka asam adalah tepung yang dibuat dari ekstrak umbi singkong yang difermentasi secara alami pada suhu 20oC selama 20-30 hari. Penambahan tepung tapioka asam pada pembuatan roti manis dapat menyebabkan kandungan protein terutama gluten dalam adonan menurun. Penurunan pengembangan volume roti ditingkatkan dengan penambahan bahan pengembang. Penambahan bahan pengembang yang digunakan yaitu Na-Bikarbonat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi tepung tapioka asam dan konsentrasi Na-bikarbonat terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia roti manis. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor I adalah subtitusi tepung tapioka asam yaitu 10%, 20% dan 30% b/b. Faktor II adalah kosentrasi Na-bikarbonat yaitu 0,1%, 0,3%, dan 0,5% b/b. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan uji sensorik roti manis adalah subtitusi tepung tapioka asam 30% dengan kosentrasi Na-bikarbonat 0,5%. Roti manis tersebut mempunyai kadar air 25,47%, kadar pati 41,01%, kadar protein 8,41%, total asam 0,27%, tekstur 0,1053 mm/g det, ukuran pori 0,24 cm2, volume pengembangan 253,7%, skor tekstur = 4,10 (suka), skor aroma = 4,05 (suka), skor rasa = 4,05 (suka).
Kata Kunci: Roti manis, tepung tapioka asam, natrium karbonat, gluten
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