FONDASI APLIKASI STRATEGIS MASA DEPAN PICKERING NANOEMULSION (PNE) : TINJAUAN KOMPREHENSIF
Abstract
Peningkatan kesadaran kesehatan memicu pertumbuhan pasar nutrasetikal global. Tantangan utamanya adalah rendahnya kelarutan dan kerentanan degradasi oleh panas, pH, oksidasi pada senyawa bioaktif lipofilik sehingga membatasi bioavailabilitasnya. Pickering Nanoemulsi (PNE) muncul sebagai platform penghantaran superior yang memanfaatkan partikel padat alami (food grade) seperti protein dan polisakarida sebagai stabilisator ireversibel, selaras dengan permintaan pasar clean label. Tinjauan literatur naratif deskriptif ini mensintesis 24 artikel penelitian eksperimental terkini tahun 2021–2025 untuk menganalisis perkembangan mutakhir PNE berbasis biopolimer pangan. Kestabilan PNE diperoleh melalui adsorpsi partikel amfifilik pada antarmuka, dengan membentuk penghalang sterik yang kaku. Partikel stabilisator direkayasa melalui pengendalian pH, modifikasi kimia (konjugat), atau rekayasa nanopolimer, dan diproduksi dengan teknik berenergi tinggi (ultrasonikasi, homogenisasi tekanan tinggi). PNE menunjukkan ketahanan yang luar biasa terhadap sterilisasi termal (121°C), fluktuasi pH pada titik isoelektrik, dan salinitas tinggi (hingga 500 mM NaCl). Fungsionalitasnya mencakup efisiensi enkapsulasi (>80% untuk kurkumin) dan pelepasan terkontrol. PNE berbasis biopolimer pangan ini menjadi fondasi teknologi strategis untuk peningkatan stabilitas dan bioavailabilitas dalam sektor pangan fungsional, biomedis, dan material fungsional.
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