Policy Feedback dalam Perumusan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis: Analisis Kesenjangan Antisipasi Dampak terhadap UMKM Kantin Sekolah

Angella Rosha Pangestu, Sisman Prasetyo

Abstract


Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan kebijakan nasional yang tidak hanya diarahkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi, tetapi juga mendorong pemberdayaan ekonomi melalui keterlibatan UMKM. Namun, pelibatan UMKM dalam penyediaan MBG pada saat yang sama berpotensi mengurangi pasar UMKM kantin sekolah yang sebelumnya bergantung pada konsumsi siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis apakah informasi mengenai dampak terhadap UMKM kantin yang dihasilkan pada fase uji coba sebagai policy feedback dimanfaatkan oleh aktor kebijakan dalam proses policy learning untuk meminimalkan risiko dan kerugian sebelum implementasi nasional. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review dengan mensintesis artikel ilmiah, buku akademik, dokumen pemerintah, regulasi, serta publikasi lembaga internasional yang relevan dengan MBG, UMKM kantin sekolah, policy feedback, dan policy learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak terhadap UMKM kantin telah teridentifikasi pada fase uji coba sebelum implementasi nasional, terutama berupa penurunan permintaan dan pendapatan akibat perubahan pola konsumsi siswa. Informasi tersebut merupakan policy feedback yang berpotensi menjadi dasar pembelajaran dan penyesuaian kebijakan. Namun, hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa policy feedback tersebut belum sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan dalam proses policy learning untuk menghasilkan penyesuaian kebijakan yang bersifat antisipatif sebelum implementasi nasional. Penyesuaian terhadap posisi UMKM dan kantin justru semakin terlihat setelah implementasi berlangsung. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara policy feedback, policy learning, dan penyesuaian desain kebijakan dalam proses implementasi MBG



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DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jdg.v16i2.6059

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